==== TABLE OF CONTENTS ====
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//figures/mixed-pairs.tex
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//macros.tex
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//main.tex
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/auxiliary.tex
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/consequences.tex
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/finite-proof.tex
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/introduction.tex
Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//references/sources.bib
===========================

==== BEGIN Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//figures/mixed-pairs.tex ====
\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1.05cm,y=0.62cm,font=\small]
  \foreach \x in {0,1,2,3,4} {
    \foreach \y in {0,1,2,3} {
      \fill[parentblue!13] (\x,\y) rectangle +(1,1);
    }
  }
  \fill[childorange!24] (2,0) rectangle (3,4);
  \draw[gray!65,thin] (0,0) grid[xstep=1,ystep=1] (5,4);
  \draw[childorange!65!black,semithick] (2,0) rectangle (3,4);
  \node at (0.5,4.45) {$I_1$};
  \node at (1.5,4.45) {$\cdots$};
  \node[childorange] at (2.5,4.45) {$I_i$};
  \node at (3.5,4.45) {$\cdots$};
  \node at (4.5,4.45) {$I_D$};
  \node[anchor=east] at (-0.2,3.5) {$I_i\cdot I_1$};
  \node[anchor=east] at (-0.2,2.5) {$\vdots$};
  \node[anchor=east] at (-0.2,1.5) {$I_i\cdot I_j$};
  \node[anchor=east] at (-0.2,0.5) {$I_i\cdot I_D$};
  \node[anchor=west,align=left,text width=5.2cm] at (5.45,3.15)
    {\textcolor{parentblue}{Separated pairs}\\
     \(D(D-1)\) terms, each with\\
     mean in \([\alpha-\eta,\alpha+\eta]\)};
  \node[anchor=west,align=left,text width=5.2cm] at (5.45,0.95)
    {\textcolor{childorange}{Nested pairs}\\
     \(D\) terms, each at least \(-1\)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{For fixed \(i\), the \((j,k)\) entry is
\(\ip{X_{I_i\cdot I_j}}{X_{I_k}}\). Rows index the children of
\(I_i\) and columns index all parents; the grid is schematic.
Only column \(i\) contains nested pairs, a fraction \(1/D\) of the
\(D^2\) terms.}
\label{fig:mixed-pairs}
\end{figure}
==== END Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//figures/mixed-pairs.tex ====

==== BEGIN Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//macros.tex ====
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\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm,mathtools}
\usepackage[letterpaper,margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,calc,positioning}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{linkblue}{HTML}{23527C}
\definecolor{parentblue}{HTML}{28698D}
\definecolor{childorange}{HTML}{B76223}
\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=linkblue,citecolor=linkblue,urlcolor=linkblue]{hyperref}
\usepackage[capitalise,noabbrev]{cleveref}
\hypersetup{pdftitle={Thompson's group F is nonamenable},pdfauthor={OpenAI}}

\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb R}
\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb N}
\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb Z}
\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\lVert #1\rVert}
\newcommand{\ip}[2]{\langle #1,#2\rangle}
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\DeclareMathOperator{\Lip}{Lip}
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\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
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==== END Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//macros.tex ====

==== BEGIN Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//main.tex ====
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\input{macros}

\title{Thompson's group \(F\) is nonamenable}
\author{OpenAI}
\date{September 23, 2026}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
We prove that Thompson's group \(F\) is nonamenable. This confirms
Geoghegan's conjecture and resolves the amenability problem for \(F\).
\end{abstract}

\input{sections/introduction}
\input{sections/finite-proof}
\input{sections/consequences}

\appendix
\input{sections/auxiliary}

\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{references/sources}
\end{document}
==== END Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//main.tex ====

==== BEGIN Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/auxiliary.tex ====
\section{An explicit map with positive displacement}\label{app:auxiliary}

We give a direct construction of the map needed in
Lemma~\ref{lem:displacement}. This proves the Hilbert-space instance of
the Benyamini--Sternfeld theorem~\cite{BenyaminiSternfeld1983} directly.
The aim is to construct a Lipschitz map
$G:B\to H$ bounded away from zero and equal to the identity when
$\norm{x}\ge1/2$. Then $f(x)=-G(x)/\norm{G(x)}$ has the required
displacement. A tube about a curve with a bounded tail supplies $G$.

\begin{proposition}\label{aux:map}
Let $H=L^2([0,1];\R^2)$ be a real Hilbert space and let
$B=\{x\in H:\norm{x}\le1\}$. There is a globally Lipschitz map $f:B\to B$
such that
\[
  \norm{f(x)}=1,
  \qquad \norm{f(x)-x}\ge\frac12
  \quad(x\in B).
\]
\end{proposition}

Define functions on $\R$ by
\[
 a(t)=
 \begin{cases}
 t/8,&t\le2,\\
 5/16-(3-t)^2/16,&20
 \qquad(d>0).
\end{equation}
Indeed, with $\operatorname{sinc}(q)=\sin(q)/q$ for $q\ne0$ and
$\operatorname{sinc}(0)=1$, we have
\[
 \ip{v(s)}{v(t)}=\operatorname{sinc}(\theta(t)-\theta(s)).
\]
Since $|\operatorname{sinc}(q)|<1$ for $q\ne0$, distinct angular
parameters give noncollinear unit vectors. On $(-\infty,1]$ the
coefficient $a$ is strictly increasing, whereas $\theta$ is strictly
increasing on $(1,\infty)$ and $a$ is positive there. This proves
injectivity.

If \eqref{aux:separation} failed, choose $s_n0$ with
$Kd\le c/2$. The estimate
\[
 \norm{\gamma(t)-\gamma(s)-(t-s)\gamma'(s)}
 \le\frac K2|t-s|^2
\]
then implies
\begin{equation}\label{aux:tangent}
 |\ip{\gamma(t)-\gamma(s)}{u(s)}|
 \ge\frac{3c}{4}|t-s|
 \qquad(|t-s|\le d).
\end{equation}
Choose $\rho>0$ so that
\begin{equation}\label{aux:radius}
 \rho<\frac1{32},\qquad 4\rho<\sigma(d),\qquad \rho K_u<\frac c4.
\end{equation}

For $x\in U$, take a minimizing sequence $\gamma(t_n)$ for the
distance from $x$ to the curve. Its late terms satisfy
$\norm{x-\gamma(t_n)}<2\rho$, so their pairwise distances are less
than $4\rho$. By \eqref{aux:separation} their parameters differ by
less than $d$. Fixing one late parameter therefore confines all later
ones to a compact real interval. A convergent subsequence attains the
minimum. Differentiating $\norm{x-\gamma(t)}^2$ at any minimizing
parameter gives $(x-\gamma(t))\perp u(t)$.

For $x,y\in U$ with $\norm{x-y}<\rho$, choose any minimizing
parameters $t,s$ and write $x=\gamma(t)+e_t$,
$y=\gamma(s)+e_s$. The curve points are less than $3\rho$ apart,
so $|t-s|1$, we have $a(t)\ge1/8$, so
$\norm{G(x)}\ge1/8-\rho>\rho/4$. When $t\le1$, we have
$R_t=\mathrm{Id}$ and $e\perp v(t)$, so
$\norm{G(x)}\ge r\ge\rho/2$. This proves \eqref{aux:nonzero}.

Finally, $G(x)=x$ whenever $\norm{x}\ge1/2$. This holds by definition
outside $U$. Inside $U$, the reverse triangle inequality gives
\[
 |a(t)|=\norm{\gamma(t)}\ge\norm{x}-r>1/2-\rho>5/16.
\]
Since $a(t)\le5/16$ everywhere, this forces $a(t)<-1/8$ and $t\le1$.
Thus $q(t)=0$ and $R_t=\mathrm{Id}$, so \eqref{aux:G} again gives
$G(x)=x$.

Define
\[
 f(x)=-\frac{G(x)}{\norm{G(x)}}.
\]
Normalization on vectors of norm at least $\rho/4$ is Lipschitz with
constant at most $8/\rho$, so $f$ is globally Lipschitz by
\eqref{aux:nonzero}, and its values have norm one. If
$\norm{x}<1/2$, then $\norm{f(x)-x}\ge1-\norm{x}>1/2$.
Otherwise $G(x)=x$, and
$\norm{f(x)-x}=1+\norm{x}\ge3/2$.
\end{proof}
==== END Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/auxiliary.tex ====

==== BEGIN Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/consequences.tex ====
\section{Consequences}\label{sec:consequences}

Theorem~\ref{thm:main} allows us to apply two companion results for
nonamenable groups. The first concerns representations that are uniformly
close to being isometric but cannot be made unitary by an equivalent
Hilbert norm. The second concerns percolation on the simple Cayley graphs of \(F\)
associated with finite symmetric generating sets.
Neither companion result is used in the proof of nonamenability.

\subsection{Uniformly bounded representations}

\begin{corollary}\label{cor:nonunitarizable}
For every \(\varepsilon>0\), there are a separable complex Hilbert space
\(H\) and a representation \(\pi:F\to\mathrm{GL}(H)\) such that
\(\sup_{g\in F}\norm{\pi(g)}\le1+\varepsilon\), but no bounded invertible
operator \(S\) on \(H\) makes every \(S\pi(g)S^{-1}\) unitary.
\end{corollary}

\begin{proof}
The group \(F\) is countable, by its finite dyadic piecewise linear
description, and nonamenable by Theorem~\ref{thm:main}, so the conclusion
follows from the companion unitarizability theorem
\cite[Theorem~1.1]{OpenAIUnitarizability2026}.
\end{proof}

\subsection{Percolation on Cayley graphs}

For a finite symmetric generating set \(S\subset F\setminus\{\id\}\), let
\(G_S\) be the simple undirected Cayley graph with edges \(\{x,xs\}\).
In Bernoulli bond percolation on this fixed graph, each edge is independently
open with probability \(p\). Write \(p_c\) for the threshold for existence
of an infinite open cluster and \(p_u\) for the threshold for almost-sure
uniqueness of the infinite open cluster. The connection kernel
\(T_p(x,y)=\mathbb P_p(x\leftrightarrow y)\) acts on counting-measure
\(\ell^2(F)\), initially on finitely supported functions by summation over
\(y\); put \(p_{2\to2}=\sup\{p\in[0,1]:T_p\text{ is bounded on }\ell^2(F)\}\).

\begin{corollary}\label{cor:percolation}
For every such generating set \(S\),
\[
  \norm{T_{p_c}}_{2\to2}<\infty,\qquad p_c0$ and $\delta>0$ such that
\begin{equation}\label{color:map}
  \norm{f(x)-f(y)}\leq L\norm{x-y},\qquad
  \norm{f(x)-x}\geq\delta
  \quad(x,y\in B).
\end{equation}
Choose an integer $D\geq2$ so that
\begin{equation}\label{color:parameters}
  D>\frac{4L^2}{\delta^2}.
\end{equation}
Choose internal basic intervals $I_1<\cdots2D$ and use
$I_j=[(2j-1)2^{-r},2j2^{-r}]$.

Define a color $p(T)\in B$ for every basic partition $T$ by induction
on its number of cells:
\begin{equation}\label{color:recursion}
  p(T)=
  \begin{cases}
  \displaystyle f\left(\frac1D\sum_{j=1}^D p(T_{I_j})\right),
       &\text{if $T$ respects every $I_j$},\\[6pt]
  0,   &\text{otherwise}.
  \end{cases}
\end{equation}
This induction is well founded.  In the first case each $T_{I_j}$
has strictly fewer cells than $T$, since $I_j$ is internal and $T$
has cells outside it.  The average of the previously defined
colors belongs to the convex ball $B$, so the argument of $f$ is
always in its domain, and $p(T)\in B$.

For the displayed choice $|I_j|=2^{-r}$, the one-cell partition
$T^{(0)}$ has color zero, while
\[
  p(T^{(r)})=f(0),\qquad
  p(T^{(2r)})=f(f(0)).
\]
Indeed, normalizing a restriction to any $I_j$ changes these uniform
partition levels from $r$ to $0$ and from $2r$ to $r$, respectively.

We use the finite family of parent intervals and their descendants
\[
  \mathcal I=\{I_i:1\leq i\leq D\}
       \cup\{I_i\cdot I_j:1\leq i,j\leq D\}.
\]
All these intervals are internal.  Call $(n,g)$ \emph{admissible}
if $gT^{(n)}$ is a basic partition respecting every member of
$\mathcal I$.  For every $n$, every $g\in F$, and every
$I\in\mathcal I$, define
\begin{equation}\label{color:global}
  X_I^{(n)}(g)=
  \begin{cases}
    p\bigl((gT^{(n)})_I\bigr),&\text{if $(n,g)$ is admissible},\\
    0,&\text{otherwise}.
  \end{cases}
\end{equation}
In particular these are globally defined $B$-valued functions.
Their scalar correlations
\[
  \varphi_{I,J}^{(n)}(g)
     =\ip{X_I^{(n)}(g)}{X_J^{(n)}(g)}
\]
are defined on all of $F$ and have absolute value at most one.
By Lemma~\ref{dyad:eventual}, every finite set of group elements is
admissible at one common sufficiently large level $n$.

\subsection{A uniform boundary bound}\label{sec:boundary}

For every
ordered pair $I0.
\end{equation}
\end{proposition}

\begin{proof}
Fix such a set $A$ and put
\begin{equation}\label{avg:defect}
  \eta=\max_{h\in S}\frac{|hA\mathbin{\triangle}A|}{|A|}.
\end{equation}
Choose a single $n$ for which $(n,g)$ is admissible for all
\[
  g\in A\cup SA,
  \qquad SA=\bigcup_{h\in S}hA.
\]
This choice is possible because that union is finite; the level $n$
may depend on $A$.  We now fix this $n$, omit its superscript, and write
\[
  \mathbb E_A\psi=\frac1{|A|}\sum_{g\in A}\psi(g),
  \qquad
  \alpha=\mathbb E_A\varphi_{I_1,I_2}.
\]
\paragraph{Comparing correlations.}
For $I0\), there is a nonempty finite
\(A\subset G\) such that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:folner}
  \frac{|hA\mathbin{\triangle}A|}{|A|}<\varepsilon
  \qquad(h\in S).
\end{equation}
The modern left-translation formulation in
\cite[Theorem~1.2]{Moore2013} bounds the sum of these ratios and hence
implies each strict individual bound by taking a smaller tolerance.
Thus amenability requires finite sets
whose relative boundaries are simultaneously small under any fixed
finite family of translations.

Thompson introduced \(F\) in 1965; an early published construction appears
in McKenzie and Thompson \cite{McKenzieThompson1973}, with the identification
explained by Cannon, Floyd, and Parry \cite[pp.~215--216]{CannonFloydParry1996}.
The latter authors record Geoghegan's 1979 conjecture that \(F\) is
nonamenable \cite[p.~227]{CannonFloydParry1996}. We prove this conjecture.

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:main}
Thompson's group \(F\) is not amenable.
\end{theorem}

\paragraph{Context and prior work.}
Two classical structural facts help explain the difficulty of the
amenability problem. Brin and Squier show that \(F\) contains no
nonabelian free subgroup \cite[Theorem~3.1]{BrinSquier1985}, so the familiar
free-subgroup obstruction does not apply. Yet \(F\) is not elementary
amenable \cite[Theorem~4.10]{CannonFloydParry1996}: it lies outside the class
generated by finite and abelian groups under subgroups, quotients,
extensions, and directed unions. Neither fact decides ordinary
amenability. The group also has strong topological finiteness properties:
Brown and Geoghegan construct a classifying space with finitely many
cells in each dimension \cite{BrownGeoghegan1984}.

Finite approximations have provided several ways to study the remaining
question. Moore proves tower lower bounds on the sizes of possible
F\o lner sets \cite[Theorem~1.1]{MooreFolner2013} and characterizes
amenability of \(F\) by a scalar convex Ramsey property for finite rooted
ordered binary trees \cite[Theorem~3.1]{Moore2013}. Guba improves densities
of finite Cayley subgraphs \cite{Guba2025Density} and derives restrictions
on right-invariant means from a partition into seven diagram-defined
classes \cite{Guba2026}. From an operator-algebraic
direction, Haagerup and Olesen prove that simplicity of the reduced group
\(C^*\)-algebra of Thompson's group \(T\) would imply nonamenability of
\(F\) \cite[Theorem~5.5]{HaagerupOlesen2017}. These results expose constraints
on amenability through finite sets, trees, diagrams, and representations.
The proof below uses finite dyadic partitions and scalar correlations of
Hilbert-valued colors.

There have also been claims of a complete resolution in both directions.
Akhmedov's 2021 version claims nonamenability through a height-function
criterion \cite{Akhmedov2021}. Shavgulidze claimed amenability
\cite{Shavgulidze2009}; Moore identified errors in that approach
\cite{Moore2011Critique}. Moore separately withdrew an amenability claim
after Akhmedov identified an error in Lemma~4.13 of that manuscript
\cite{Moore2012Withdrawn}. That withdrawal concerns a different work from
his published Ramsey characterization cited above.

\paragraph{Proof strategy.}
The proof turns approximate translation invariance of finite averages of
scalar functions on \(F\) into an approximate fixed point of a Lipschitz
map on a Hilbert ball. The
following infinite-dimensional phenomenon supplies a map for which that
conclusion is impossible.

\begin{lemma}[Benyamini--Sternfeld]\label{lem:displacement}
There are a real Hilbert space \(H\), a Lipschitz map \(f:B\to B\) on its
closed unit ball, and a constant \(\delta>0\) such that
\[
  \norm{f(x)-x}\ge\delta\qquad(x\in B).
\]
\end{lemma}

Benyamini and Sternfeld prove this assertion for every infinite-dimensional
normed space \cite[Theorem, part~(3), p.~439]{BenyaminiSternfeld1983}.
For completeness, Appendix~\ref{app:auxiliary} constructs such a map on
\(L^2([0,1];\R^2)\) with \(\delta=1/2\), including all the needed
Lipschitz estimates.

Fix this map \(f\), a positive Lipschitz constant \(L\), and a large
integer \(D\). A basic dyadic interval is a cell of a uniform dyadic
partition, and a basic partition is a finite partition into such cells.
Choose \(D\) basic intervals with positive gaps between them and endpoints
in \((0,1)\), called parents. Put an affine copy of this family inside
each parent, calling the copies descendants. When a parent is a union
of partition cells, restricting to it and stretching back to \([0,1]\)
gives its normalized restriction. Color each basic partition recursively
by applying \(f\) to the mean of its parent-restriction colors when all
these restrictions are defined, and by zero otherwise. Proper
restriction decreases the number of cells, so the recursion is well
founded. For a sufficiently fine image partition under \(g\in F\), its
parent colors \(X_i\) and descendant colors \(Y_{ij}\) therefore satisfy
\[
 m=\frac1D\sum_{i=1}^D X_i,\qquad
 z_i=\frac1D\sum_{j=1}^D Y_{ij},\qquad
 X_i=f(z_i)\quad(1\le i\le D).
\]

The group \(F\) can carry any ordered pair of separated basic intervals
with endpoints in \((0,1)\) affinely onto any other such pair. Choose a
finite set \(S\) of these transports comparing every separated pair among
the parents and descendants with one reference pair. The set \(S\) is
fixed before the arbitrary nonempty
finite set \(A\subset F\); only the common partition level, chosen fine
enough for \(A\cup SA\), may depend on \(A\). Write \(\eta\) for the
largest relative \(S\)-boundary of \(A\). Exact covariance of normalized
restrictions and finite-average cancellation make all averaged scalar
correlations of separated interval colors differ from one common value
by at most \(\eta\).

Expand the average over \(A\) of \(\norm{z_i-m}^2\). The common
correlation cancels; diagonal and nested pairs occupy only a fraction
\(1/D\) of each relevant sum, as Figure~\ref{fig:mixed-pairs} illustrates.
Unit-ball bounds control those exceptions, giving a universal constant
times \(D^{-1}+\eta\). Since \(m\) is also the mean of the \(f(z_i)\),
convexity and Lipschitz continuity bound the average squared displacement
\(\norm{m-f(m)}^2\) by a constant times \(L^2(D^{-1}+\eta)\).
For large \(D\) and small \(\eta\), this contradicts the uniform lower
bound \(\delta^2\). Section~\ref{sec:proof} makes the argument precise and proves a
uniform positive boundary bound in Proposition~\ref{avg:boundary},
contradicting \eqref{eq:folner}.

Section~\ref{sec:consequences} records consequences for uniformly bounded
representations and percolation, using separate companion theorems.
==== END Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//sections/introduction.tex ====

==== BEGIN Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//references/sources.bib ====
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}

@article{vonNeumann1929,
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  title = {Zur allgemeinen {Theorie} des {Masses}},
  journal = {Fundamenta Mathematicae}, volume = {13}, year = {1929}, pages = {73--116},
  doi = {10.4064/fm-13-1-73-116},
  note = {\href{https://doi.org/10.4064/fm-13-1-73-116}{doi:10.4064/fm-13-1-73-116}}
}

@article{Day1957,
  author = {Day, Mahlon M.}, title = {Amenable semigroups},
  journal = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics}, volume = {1}, number = {4},
  year = {1957}, pages = {509--544}, doi = {10.1215/ijm/1255380675},
  note = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1215/ijm/1255380675}{doi:10.1215/ijm/1255380675}}
}

@article{Folner1955,
  author = {F{\o}lner, Erling},
  title = {On groups with full {Banach} mean value},
  journal = {Mathematica Scandinavica}, volume = {3}, year = {1955}, pages = {243--254},
  doi = {10.7146/math.scand.a-10442},
  note = {\href{https://doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-10442}{doi:10.7146/math.scand.a-10442}}
}

@article{MooreFolner2013,
  author = {Moore, Justin Tatch},
  title = {Fast growth in the {F\o lner} function for {Thompson}'s group {$F$}},
  journal = {Groups, Geometry, and Dynamics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {633--651},
  doi = {10.4171/GGD/201},
  note = {\href{https://doi.org/10.4171/GGD/201}{doi:10.4171/GGD/201}}
}

@article{HaagerupOlesen2017,
  author = {Haagerup, Uffe and Olesen, Kristian Knudsen},
  title = {Non-inner amenability of the {Thompson} groups {$T$} and {$V$}},
  journal = {Journal of Functional Analysis},
  volume = {272},
  number = {11},
  year = {2017},
  pages = {4838--4852},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jfa.2017.02.003},
  note = {\href{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2017.02.003}{doi:10.1016/j.jfa.2017.02.003}}
}

@article{Guba2025Density,
  author = {Guba, Victor},
  title = {Cayley graphs of {R. Thompson}'s group {$F$}: New estimates for the density},
  journal = {Journal of Combinatorial Algebra},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1/2},
  year = {2025},
  pages = {145--168},
  doi = {10.4171/JCA/110},
  note = {\href{https://doi.org/10.4171/JCA/110}{doi:10.4171/JCA/110}},
  url = {https://ems.press/journals/jca/articles/14298641}
}

@misc{Akhmedov2021,
  author = {Akhmedov, Azer},
  title = {Non-amenability of {R. Thompson}'s group {$F$}},
  year = {2021},
  howpublished = {\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.4395v3}{arXiv:1310.4395v3}}
}

@misc{Shavgulidze2009,
  author = {Shavgulidze, E. T.},
  title = {About amenability of subgroups of the group of diffeomorphisms of the interval},
  year = {2009},
  howpublished = {\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/0906.0107v1}{arXiv:0906.0107v1}}
}

@misc{Moore2011Critique,
  author = {Moore, Justin Tatch},
  title = {A note on {Shavgulidze}'s papers concerning the amenability problem for {Thompson}'s group {$F$}},
  year = {2011},
  howpublished = {\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0747v2}{arXiv:1102.0747v2}}
}

@misc{Moore2012Withdrawn,
  author = {Moore, Justin Tatch},
  title = {Nonassociative {Ramsey} theory and the amenability of {Thompson}'s group},
  year = {2012},
  howpublished = {\href{https://arxiv.org/abs/1209.2063v4}{arXiv:1209.2063v4}},
  note = {Withdrawn}
}

@misc{OpenAIUnitarizability2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Unitarizability implies amenability for discrete groups}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Unitarizability-Implies-Amenability-for-Countable-Groups-September-23-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Unitarizability-Implies-Amenability-for-Countable-Groups-September-23-2026}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Theorem~1.1}
}

@misc{OpenAIPercolation2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Nonuniqueness of percolation on nonamenable quasi-transitive graphs}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Nonuniqueness-of-percolation-on-nonamenable-quasi-transitive-graphs-September-24-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Nonuniqueness-of-percolation-on-nonamenable-quasi-transitive-graphs-September-24-2026}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Corollary~1.2}
}
==== END Thompsons-group-F-is-nonamenable//references/sources.bib ====